What this product reference covers.
Refrigeration oil circulates through compressor and refrigerant circuits, making miscibility, moisture control and chemical compatibility critical.
Products within the family.
Names used in commerce can overlap. Use the nominated standard and exact grade rather than relying on a generic product label.
Mineral refrigeration oil
Mineral refrigeration oil is a recognised refrigeration oil category whose exact composition, grade limits and suitability must be confirmed from the governing specification and equipment requirement.
Alkylbenzene
Alkylbenzene is a recognised refrigeration oil category whose exact composition, grade limits and suitability must be confirmed from the governing specification and equipment requirement rather than inferred from the generic label.
POE lubricant
POE lubricant is a recognised refrigeration oil category whose exact composition, grade limits and suitability must be confirmed from the governing specification and equipment requirement rather than inferred from the generic label.
PAG lubricant
PAG lubricant is a recognised refrigeration oil category whose exact composition, grade limits and suitability must be confirmed from the governing specification and equipment requirement rather than inferred from the generic label.
What the product is built from.
| Component | Technical role |
|---|---|
| Mineral, synthetic or renewable base fluid | Provides the principal lubricating film and viscosity-temperature foundation. |
| Anti-wear / extreme-pressure system | Protects loaded contacts where the application requires it. |
| Antioxidant and corrosion inhibitors | Control ageing, deposits and surface corrosion. |
| Application-specific additives | Tune detergency, friction, demulsibility, air release, tackiness or seal compatibility. |
Define the decision before selecting the panel.
- 01
Confirm new refrigeration oil identity, grade and fitness for the intended application.
- 02
Detect contamination, degradation, mixing or storage-related change.
- 03
Investigate abnormal equipment, combustion, filtration or handling behaviour.
- 04
Establish a representative baseline for later comparison.
- 05
Support specification, maintenance and root-cause decisions with corroborated evidence.
What each result contributes.
“High” and “low” are directional investigation prompts, not pass/fail decisions. Corroborate them using the correct specification, baseline and companion evidence.
Open ASTM, ISO, IS/BIS, DIN and companion methods →| Test / parameter | Typical methods | Why it matters | Possible causes when high | Possible causes when low |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinematic viscosity | ASTM D445 / ISO 3104 | Confirms grade and detects dilution, shear, oxidation or mixing. | Oxidation, wrong oil, soot, evaporation or heavy contamination. | Shear, fuel/solvent dilution, wrong grade or lighter make-up oil. |
| Acid number | ASTM D664 | Trends acidic constituents, oxidation and contamination against a new-oil baseline. | Oxidation, overheating, acidic contamination or wrong fluid. | Fresh oil, make-up dilution or formulation difference. |
| Water | ASTM D6304 | Quantifies moisture relevant to corrosion, additive loss and film strength. | Condensation, cooler/seal leak, washdown, storage or sampling contamination. | Dry operation or dehydration; hot sampling can reduce free-water representation. |
| Elemental analysis | ASTM D5185 with PQ / ferrography where needed | Screens wear, contaminants and additive chemistry within method limitations. | Wear, corrosion, dirt, additive source, wrong oil or maintenance debris. | Stable wear, dilution, filtration or particles too large for ICP response. |
| FTIR condition | ASTM E2412 trending | Tracks oxidation and selected molecular contaminants against a comparable reference. | Heat, extended service, contamination or depleted antioxidant reserve. | Fresh oil, make-up dilution or a non-comparable baseline. |
| Low-temperature viscosity / fluidity | ASTM D2983, ASTM D5293 or product-specific Brookfield method | Assesses pumpability, shift quality, start-up flow or torque at the specified low temperature. | Wrong grade, oxidation, soot, wax, contamination or unsuitable base-oil system. | Lighter grade, shear, fuel/solvent dilution or non-comparable test temperature. |
| Copper corrosion | ASTM D130; ISO 2160 | Screens corrosivity toward copper-containing bearings, coolers, bushings and yellow-metal components. | Reactive sulfur, acidic degradation, contamination or formulation incompatibility; report uses a corrosion rating rather than concentration. | A low corrosion rating is favourable but does not rule out in-service copper wear. |
| Particle count / cleanliness | ISO 11500; reporting to ISO 4406 | Quantifies solid-particle cleanliness where component clearances and servo reliability are sensitive. | Dirt ingress, active wear, ineffective filtration, maintenance debris or wrong sampling point. | Effective filtration or clean new oil; settling, dilution or non-representative sampling can under-report. |
| Water separability / demulsibility | ASTM D1401; ISO 6614 | Assesses the oil's ability to release water in circulating, turbine, gear and hydraulic systems. | Report as persistent emulsion or longer separation time: oxidation products, incompatible mixing, detergency or contamination. | Faster separation is usually favourable but does not prove absence of dissolved or free water. |
Five-step evidence analysis.
Move from a trustworthy sample to a tested failure hypothesis, proportionate maintenance response and documented confirmation. Each step increases or reduces diagnostic confidence.
Choose a representative sampling procedure →- 01Validate the evidence: confirm asset identity, a repeatable live-zone sampling point, operating state, oil hours, make-up volume and recent maintenance for industrial refrigeration. Repeat the sample when identity, container, flushing or handling is doubtful.
- 02Establish the correct baseline: confirm the declared refrigeration oil grade, base chemistry and additive profile. Compare method-consistent results with new oil, the previous stable sample and rate of change rather than a universal limit.
- 03Build the contamination pattern: Treat moisture, refrigerant dilution, acids and incompatible oil mixing as a connected stability pattern. Require an independent companion signal, inspection finding or filter observation before assigning a source.
- 04Test and localise the failure hypothesis: Correlate acid number, water, viscosity and debris with compressor temperature, drier condition, leaks and electrical findings. Check whether the proposed mechanism explains the full pattern, including contradictory or absent evidence.
- 05Select and verify proportionate action: Correct leaks and moisture, follow approved evacuation and drier procedures and verify the cleaned circuit. Record the intervention, resample at a risk-based interval from the same point and confirm that the trend responded as expected.